Editorial: Le Monde

• The 29th Conference of the Parties on Climate (COP29), held in Baku (Azerbaijan), concluded in great confusion.
• The barely obtained agreement allows to keep up appearances, promising 300 billion dollars annually in aid to the poorest and most affected countries by climate change by 2035.
• The debates highlighted a weakening of climate diplomacy, undermined by erosive effects similar to the ones eroding other multilateralism tools.
• In this context, the North-South clash is based on an equation that is becoming increasingly difficult to solve.
• The small group of developed countries has countered the magnitude of the effort required in an unfavorable economic and political situation.
• A year after the Climate Conference in Dubai, the objective of an ecological transition away from fossil fuels remains in a state of inaction.
• The rules regulating carbon markets were adopted after nearly nine years of negotiations, yet without adequate control tools and necessary transparency.

Conclusion: The mixed results from Baku suggest that the next meeting scheduled for 2025 in Belem, Brazil, could be a make-or-break moment for the climate.

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