The time when Europeans were reaping the 'dividends of peace' barely thirty years ago seems to date back a century.
While Europeans were letting their guard down, focusing on arms sales outside of the continent, Russia was reconstituting its arsenal, becoming a threat to Europe.
The invasion of Ukraine by Russia has marked the end of pacifist hopes.
Despite the increasing threats, Europeans remain divided over the formation of a real European defense.
There is disagreement on key defense issues, such as the sharing of French nuclear weapons and the formation of an anti-missile shield.
Conclusion: The current context poses a steady challenge for European defense and security, highlighting the ongoing divisions between European states on these issues.