Editorial: La Vanguardia

• By the end of this century, the global population distribution is expected to be very different from today, with a significant decline in countries like India and China.
• The global fertility rate is often below the replacement level of 2.1 children per woman, and this trend is predicted to continue.
• By 2050, due to declining fertility, 76% of countries will not have enough population to maintain their current size.
• By 2100, more than half of the world's newborns are predicted to be from Sub-Saharan Africa, with Nigeria on track to become one of the most populous countries.
• The aging of the global population will have social and economic impacts, as traditionally, an aging population has meant a less productive society and higher expenses, for instance, in healthcare.
• To address the decline in birth rates, two solutions should be considered: reliance on immigration for population replacement and the promotion of birth rate policies that include youth support and labour market reforms.

Conclusion: This global demographic change can have serious economic, social and political implications, and requires proactive and effective policies to manage these changes.

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