- The Alvia case ruling reveals responsibilities in the realm of railway safety, on top of the human factor.
- The sentence was given to both the driver Francisco José Garzón Amo and former director of Adif Security, Andrés Cortabitarte.
- It was highlighted that there was no continuous protection system controlling the train's speed.
- The disappearance of the ERTMS automatic braking system allowed for the early inauguration of the route, but without its protection system.
Conclusion: Despite the flaws and virtues of the sentence, it shows that the tragedy could have been avoided beyond the driver's negligence.